Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution grants states the power to create their own laws and judicial systems?

The Tenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution specifically addresses the distribution of power between the federal government and the states. It asserts that any powers not delegated to the federal government by the Constitution, nor prohibited to the states, are reserved for the states or the people. This means that states have the authority to create their own laws and judicial systems in matters not explicitly covered by federal law. This foundational principle reinforces the concept of federalism, where multiple levels of government coexist and exercise authority over their respective areas.

The other amendments listed do not pertain to the powers of states in this context. The First Amendment deals primarily with freedoms of speech, religion, and assembly; the Fifth Amendment addresses rights in legal proceedings, such as protection against self-incrimination and double jeopardy; and the Fourteenth Amendment focuses on citizenship rights and equal protection under the law. Thus, the Tenth Amendment is the key amendment that conveys the power of states to legislate and manage their own legal systems.