What is the standard of proof required in criminal cases?

In criminal cases, the standard of proof required is "beyond a reasonable doubt." This standard is the highest level of proof used in the legal system and serves to protect individuals from wrongful conviction. It requires that the evidence presented must lead the jury or judge to firmly believe that the defendant is guilty of the crime charged. Any lingering doubts about the defendant's guilt, if reasonable, should result in a verdict of not guilty.

This high standard reflects the serious implications of a criminal conviction, including potential loss of liberty and criminal record. Unlike civil cases, where the standard is typically "preponderance of the evidence" (meaning that it is more likely than not that the claim is true), or "clear and convincing evidence," which is a middle ground for certain civil matters, criminal cases necessitate this stringent requirement to ensure the fairness of legal proceedings. Additionally, "reasonable suspicion" is merely a standard for police to initiate an investigation and does not apply to the determination of guilt in a trial.