Can you compel a passenger to provide their identity?

In most jurisdictions, including Wisconsin, a police officer typically cannot compel a passenger to provide their identity unless they have reasonable suspicion or probable cause related to a specific criminal activity or if the passenger is involved in a traffic violation. The law generally protects an individual's right to remain silent and not to provide identification unless certain legal conditions are met.

In the context of traffic stops, officers can require the driver to provide identification as part of the lawful stop related to potential traffic violations. However, passengers do not have the same obligations unless there's a clear reason tied to suspected criminal conduct. This aligns with the idea that passengers are not necessarily involved in the conduct leading to the stop, which means they retain rights against compelled self-identification.

Thus, the correct answer underscores the limitation on the authority of law enforcement in compelling identification from passengers unless there are factors like involvement in a traffic violation, which justifies requiring their identification.